"Understanding Electro negativity: Pauling and Mullikan Scales"
Definition of Electronegativity
Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons towards itself. It is an important chemical property that helps to determine the nature of chemical bonds between atoms. The two most normally involved scales for estimating electronegativity are the Pauling scale and the Mullikan scale.
Pauling scale
The Pauling scale was created by Linus Pauling in 1932 and depends on the general electronegativities of the components. It is a relative scale, with the most electronegative component, fluorine, relegated a worth of 4.0. The most least electronegative component, francium, is assigned out a worth of 0.7.
Mullikan scale
The Mullikan scale, on the other hand, was created by Robert S. Mullikan in 1945 and depends on the ionization potential and electron affinity of the elements. It is an absolute scale, with the values for each element being determined by the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom of that element.
Applications of Mullikan and Pauling scale
Both the Pauling and Mullikan scales are widely used in chemistry and enjoy their own benefits and disadvantages. The Pauling scale is useful for determining the nature of chemical bonds between atoms, while the Mullikan scale is useful for determining the relative electronegativities of the elements.
Something significant to note is that the two scales are not outright and just give relative proportions of electronegativity, and there are different scales like Allred-Rochow and Sanderson which additionally exist.
Conclusion
All in all, understanding electronegativity is significant in grasping the idea of chemical bonds and the way of behaving of atoms. The Pauling and Mullikan scales are two regularly involved strategies for estimating electronegativity, each with their own benefits and detriments. It is critical to consider the specific situation and reason for the estimations while picking which scale to utilize.
